What is Karma?
You might have heard someone say, “What goes around comes around.” This simple phrase touches on the idea of karma. But in Yoga tradition, karma goes much deeper. Karma refers to the universal law of cause and effect, where every action, whether physical or mental, leads to specific outcomes. Imagine planting seeds—each thought and action we take is a seed that will grow into something, whether positive or negative, depending on what we plant.
Karma isn’t about punishment or reward; it’s about understanding that our actions have consequences. By grasping this, we can begin to take control of our lives with greater awareness.

The Three Main Laws of Karma
- The Law of Action and Reaction
Every action generates a reaction. When we act with kindness, that positive energy often comes back to us. On the other hand, when we act with harmful intentions, we may experience negative consequences. This law doesn’t only apply to physical actions but also includes thoughts and intentions. - The Law of Compensation
Nature always strives for balance. If we make mistakes or cause harm, life often presents challenges to restore equilibrium. Similarly, positive deeds contribute to the positive balance in our lives. It’s the universe’s way of keeping things in harmony. - The Law of Retribution
This principle reminds us that negative actions lead to negative results. When we hurt others, the consequences will eventually come back to us, teaching us valuable life lessons. However, it’s important to remember that this isn’t about blame—it’s about personal growth.
Karma and Reincarnation
Karma doesn’t just affect this life; it extends across many lifetimes. In Hatha Yoga, it is believed that our soul is eternal, and karma follows us through various lives. This explains why some people face more difficulties than others—they may be working through past actions.
Reincarnation offers the soul repeated opportunities to learn and grow. Each lifetime is a chance to correct past mistakes, act more mindfully, and come closer to achieving liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Three Types of Karma
- Sanchita Karma
Think of this as your karmic “storage.” It’s the collection of all the actions and intentions from your past lives and the current one. Both positive and negative actions are stored here. - Prarabdha Karma
This is the portion of karma that is currently active, shaping your present life. It includes factors like the circumstances of your birth, relationships, and challenges. This karma is already in motion and must be experienced. - Agami Karma
Agami karma refers to the new karma you create through your actions today. The choices you make now will shape your future—both in this life and the next.
Can We Change Our Karma?
The good news is that yes, we can change our karma! While we can’t escape certain challenges that result from past actions (Prarabdha karma), we have the power to influence the future. By practicing mindfulness, kindness, and selfless service, we can create positive karma that will improve our lives and future experiences.
Spiritual practices like meditation and karma yoga (selfless service) are powerful tools for transforming negative patterns and creating a positive ripple effect in our lives.
How to Apply Karma in Daily Life
Understanding karma helps us take control of our lives and make better choices. Here are some practical ways to live in alignment with the principles of karma:
- Act with Kindness: Every action has an effect, so be mindful of how you treat others. Small acts of kindness can create positive karma and contribute to a better world.
- Take Responsibility: Instead of blaming others or external events, reflect on your own actions and how they might have contributed to the situation. This helps you learn and grow, without being too harsh on yourself.
- Practice Selflessness: Acts of service, whether volunteering or helping a friend, create positive karma. Selfless acts align you with the law of balance and help you experience personal growth.
Conclusion: Karma as a Path to Happiness
Karma is not about judgment, luck, or punishment—it’s a tool for personal development. By understanding that our actions shape our future, we can take responsibility for our lives and move toward a more peaceful, fulfilling existence. Whether or not you believe in reincarnation, karma offers a valuable lesson: every thought and action counts.
By practicing kindness, mindfulness, and selflessness, we can create positive energy and live with greater harmony and happiness.